{"id":9508,"date":"2019-09-01T19:23:39","date_gmt":"2019-09-01T16:23:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umutsen.org\/?p=9508"},"modified":"2019-09-01T19:23:39","modified_gmt":"2019-09-01T16:23:39","slug":"direnis-evet-neden-ve-nasil-immanuel-wallerstein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umutsen.org\/index.php\/2019\/09\/direnis-evet-neden-ve-nasil-immanuel-wallerstein\/","title":{"rendered":"Direni\u015f? Evet! Neden ve Nas\u0131l? – Immanuel Wallerstein"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0500 y\u0131la yak\u0131nd\u0131r i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fumuz kapitalist d\u00fcnya sisteminden iki muhtemel sistemden birine tarihi bir yap\u0131sal ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinin ortas\u0131nday\u0131z: Ya kapitalizmin en berbat \u00f6zelliklerini (hiyerar\u015fi, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve kutupla\u015fma) koruyan ama kapitalist olmayan bir sisteme ya da onun z\u0131dd\u0131 olan, g\u00f6rece demokratik ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir sisteme. Buna, Davos ruhu ile Porto Alegre ruhu aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele<\/em>\u00a0diyorum.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kaotik ve kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bunun kolektif stratejimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki etkisi var. K\u0131sa vadede (diyelim ki \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l),\u00a0k\u0131sa vadede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131<\/em>\u00a0akl\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131karmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Hepimiz hayatta kalmay\u0131 umuyoruz. Hepimizin yeme\u011fe ve ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sokacak yere ihtiyac\u0131 var. G\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmak isteyen her hareketin, ac\u0131 \u00e7ekenlerin ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirecek her yolu deneyerek, insanlar\u0131n hayatta kalmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etmesi gerekiyor.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Fakat orta vadede (diyelim ki 20-40 y\u0131l),\u00a0ac\u0131lar\u0131 azaltmak hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyecek<\/em>. Davos\u2019un ruhunu temsil edenlerle m\u00fccadelemize konsantre olmak zorunday\u0131z. Bunun hi\u00e7bir geri ad\u0131m\u0131 yok. Kapitalizmin in\u015fa edilebilecek hi\u00e7bir \u201creforme edilmi\u015f\u201d versiyonu yok.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden Direni\u015f\u2019in \u201cnas\u0131l\u201d\u0131 \u00e7ok net. Kolektif olarak ne olup bitti\u011fi konusunda daha net olmam\u0131z, daha kesin ahlaki tercihler yapmam\u0131z ve daha ak\u0131ll\u0131ca politik stratejiler belirlememiz gerekiyor. Bunlar\u0131n bir birle\u015fimini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131y\u0131z. Ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu biliyoruz, evet, ama bu \u201cba\u015fka\u201d d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, alternatiflerden sadece biri oldu\u011funun da bilincinde olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Ezelden beridir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan ezildi\u011fini ve\/veya g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011fini hisseden insanlar otoriteye kar\u015f\u0131 direnmi\u015ftir. Bu direni\u015fler sadece kimi zaman bir \u015feyleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Direnenlerin davalar\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, de\u011fer ve \u00f6nceliklere g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019de elli y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcredir, toplumsal pratiklerde, belirli dini gruplar\u0131n kendi de\u011ferlerine sald\u0131r\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u0131r n\u00fcfusu ile ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131 gerilemekte olanlar\u0131n kendilerini d\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri hayata ge\u00e7iren \u201celitler taraf\u0131ndan ezilmeye\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 latent bir direni\u015f ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130lk ba\u015fta bu direni\u015f toplumsal kat\u0131l\u0131mdan \u00e7ekilme \u015feklini ald\u0131. Daha sonra daha politik bir form kazand\u0131 ve nihayetinde \u00c7ay Partisi ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay Partisi kimi se\u00e7im ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Fakat da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kt\u0131 ve net bir stratejiden yoksundu. Donald Trump bunu g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve f\u0131rsata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kendisini bu sa\u011f \u201cpop\u00fclizmin\u201d birle\u015ftirici lideri olarak sundu ve hareketi siyasal iktidara ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n

Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mevzu, s\u00f6zde sistem kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir harekete \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmekle Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti \u00fczerinden devlet iktidar\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemek aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u00e7eli\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 idi. Aksine, fesat ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fabilmesinin tek yolu bu ikisini birle\u015ftirmekten ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>\n

Onun d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc olan \u00fclkede ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, d\u00fcnya genelinde benzer anlay\u0131\u015ftaki gruplar\u0131 cesaretlendirdi ve onlar da takip\u00e7i say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde art\u0131rarak benzer yollar izlemeye giri\u015ftiler.<\/p>\n

Trump\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, ona \u201cba\u015fkan\u201d demelerini sa\u011flayacak i\u015faretler arayan ABD\u2019nin ana ak\u0131m iki partisinin \u00e7o\u011fu liderleri taraf\u0131ndan bug\u00fcn hala anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. Ondan bir hareketin lideri rol\u00fcn\u00fc b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisini ba\u015fkan ve siyasi bir partinin lideri olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorlar.<\/p>\n

Bunu yapaca\u011f\u0131na dair ufak da olsa her i\u015faretin \u00fcst\u00fcne atl\u0131yorlar. S\u00f6ylemini bir anl\u0131k bile olsa yumu\u015fatsa (Kongre\u2019ye 28 \u015eubat g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada oldu\u011fu gibi), bunun bir hareketin liderinin taktik aldatmacas\u0131ndan ibaret oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131yorlar. Bunun yerine hemen hevese veya umuda kap\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Ama o, hareketin lideri rol\u00fcn\u00fc asla b\u0131rakmayacak \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 an ger\u00e7ek iktidar\u0131n\u0131 yitirece\u011fini biliyor.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, Trump\u2019\u0131n zafer kazanmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ile y\u00fcz y\u00fcze kalarak, ABD\u2019de (ve ba\u015fka yerlerde) kar\u015f\u0131t bir hareket ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve kendisine Direni\u015f ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, Trump\u2019\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fini engelleme ve nihai olarak da yenilgiye u\u011fratma ihtimali olan tek \u015feyin,\u00a0farkl\u0131 de\u011ferlere ve farkl\u0131 \u00f6nceliklere<\/em>\u00a0sahip \u00e7\u0131kan bir toplumsal hareket oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yorlar. Direni\u015fin \u201cneden\u201di bu. Daha zor olan\u0131 ise Direni\u015fin \u201cnas\u0131l\u201d\u0131.<\/p>\n

Direni\u015f hareketi, ana ak\u0131m medyan\u0131n bile kendisi hakk\u0131nda haber yapmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileyici bir h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Trump\u2019\u0131n bas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kesintisiz sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda bu var. Bas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck bir hareketin g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve kar\u015f\u0131 hareketi ezmek i\u00e7in ne yapabiliyorsa onu yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Direni\u015f hareketi ile ilgili sorun, bir\u00e7ok faaliyetinin halen da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve net bir stratejiden veya en az\u0131ndan benimsemi\u015f olduklar\u0131 bir stratejiden yoksun olduklar\u0131 bir a\u015famada olmas\u0131. Ne de bu noktada Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00c7ay Partisi ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapabilecek birle\u015ftirici bir ki\u015filik var ortada hen\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

Direni\u015f hareketi \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 farkl\u0131 eylemler \u00fczerinden ilerliyor. Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler yap\u0131yorlar, halk toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda yerel kongre temsilcilerine kafa tutuyorlar, kararnamelerle s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme tehdidi alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015filer i\u00e7in s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar olu\u015fturuyorlar, ula\u015f\u0131m tesislerinde toplan\u0131p s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemlerini engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar, k\u0131nama a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yay\u0131nl\u0131yorlar, imza topluyorlar ve gelecekteki yerel eylemler \u00fczerine kafa yorup karar almak i\u00e7in bir araya geldikleri yerel kolektifler yarat\u0131yorlar. Direni\u015f bir\u00e7ok s\u0131radan yurtta\u015f\u0131 hayatlar\u0131nda ilk kez militanlar haline getirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

Ancak Direni\u015f hareketinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde birka\u00e7 tehlike de var. Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha \u00e7ok kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p hapse at\u0131lacak. Militanl\u0131k zahmetlidir ve bir s\u00fcre sonra bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi yorulur. Ve motivasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 diri tutmak i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck olsun ba\u015far\u0131lara ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 kimse Direni\u015f\u2019in g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybedip da\u011f\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti edemez. \u00c7ay Partisi\u2019nin bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu yere gelmesi onlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Direni\u015f i\u00e7in de bu kadar zaman alabilir.<\/p>\n

Direni\u015f\u2019in bir hareket olarak yapmas\u0131 gereken, 500 y\u0131la yak\u0131nd\u0131r i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fumuz kapitalist d\u00fcnya sisteminden iki muhtemel sistemden birine\u2014kapitalizmin en berbat \u00f6zelliklerini (hiyerar\u015fi, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve kutupla\u015fma) koruyan ama kapitalist olmayan bir sisteme ya da onun z\u0131dd\u0131, g\u00f6rece demokratik ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir sisteme\u2014tarihi bir yap\u0131sal ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinin ortas\u0131nda oldu\u011fumuz ger\u00e7e\u011fini ak\u0131lda tutmak. Buna,\u00a0Davos ruhu ile Porto Alegre ruhu aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele<\/em>\u00a0diyorum.<\/p>\n

Kaotik ve kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bunun kolektif stratejimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki etkisi var. K\u0131sa vadede (diyelim ki \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l), k\u0131sa vadede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 akl\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131karmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Hepimiz hayatta kalmay\u0131 umuyoruz. Hepimizin yeme\u011fe ve ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sokacak yere ihtiyac\u0131 var. G\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmay\u0131 umut eden herhangi bir hareketin, ac\u0131 \u00e7ekenlerin ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirecek her \u015feyi destekleyerek, insanlar\u0131n hayatta kalmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Fakat orta vadede (diyelim ki 20-40 y\u0131l), ac\u0131lar\u0131 azaltmak hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyecek. Davos\u2019un ruhunu temsil edenlerle m\u00fccadelemize konsantre olmak zorunday\u0131z. Bunun hi\u00e7bir geri ad\u0131m\u0131 yok. Kapitalizmin in\u015fa edilebilecek hi\u00e7bir \u201creforme edilmi\u015f\u201d versiyonu yok.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden Direni\u015f\u2019in \u201cnas\u0131l\u201d\u0131 \u00e7ok net. Kolektif olarak ne olup bitti\u011fi konusunda daha net olmam\u0131z, daha kesin ahlaki tercihler yapmam\u0131z ve daha ak\u0131ll\u0131ca politik stratejiler geli\u015ftirmemiz gerekiyor. Bunlar\u0131n birle\u015fimini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131y\u0131z. Ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu biliyoruz, evet, ama bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da bilincinde olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Serap G\u00fcne\u015f<\/p>\n

Kaynak: https:\/\/dunyadanceviri.wordpress.com\/2017\/03\/17\/immanuel-wallerstein-direnis-evet-neden-ve-nasil\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0500 y\u0131la yak\u0131nd\u0131r i\u00e7inde ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fumuz kapitalist d\u00fcnya sisteminden iki muhtemel sistemden birine tarihi bir yap\u0131sal ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinin ortas\u0131nday\u0131z: Ya kapitalizmin en berbat \u00f6zelliklerini (hiyerar\u015fi, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve kutupla\u015fma) koruyan ama kapitalist olmayan bir sisteme ya da onun z\u0131dd\u0131 olan, g\u00f6rece demokratik ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir sisteme. Buna, Davos ruhu ile Porto Alegre ruhu aras\u0131ndaki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2706,801,86],"tags":[620,52,4620,4618,1633,599,4619,4617],"yoast_head":"\nDireni\u015f? Evet! Neden ve Nas\u0131l? - Immanuel Wallerstein | Umut-Sen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/umutsen.org\/index.php\/2019\/09\/direnis-evet-neden-ve-nasil-immanuel-wallerstein\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Direni\u015f? Evet! 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